Fixing a Puncture: Step-by-Step

A puncture is one of the most common bike problems, and learning to fix one is essential. The good news is it's straightforward once you know the process. You'll need a spare tube, a pump, and tyre levers, or you can patch your existing tube if you have a puncture repair kit.

Remove the wheel. Flip your bike upside down so it rests on the handlebars and seat. For the front wheel, open the quick-release lever or unscrew the axle nuts. For the rear wheel, shift to the smallest sprocket first, then open the quick-release or axle nuts and pull the derailleur back to free the chain.

Get the tyre off. Let out any remaining air by pressing the valve. Insert a tyre lever under the bead (edge) of the tyre, about 15cm from the valve, and prise it over the rim. Insert a second lever a few feet away and run it around the rim to free one side of the tyre. The inner tube should now be accessible.

Find the puncture. If you're patching the tube, inflate it slightly and listen for a hiss, or feel for escaping air with wet fingers. Once found, mark it with the chalk that usually comes in repair kits. If you're replacing the tube, skip this step.

Prepare the tyre. Before reinstalling anything, check inside the tyre carefully for thorns, glass, or sharp objects. Run your finger around the inside gently; this is the most common cause of repeat punctures. Also check the rim tape is intact and covering all spoke holes.

Repair or replace the tube. For patching: lightly sand the area around the puncture, apply the adhesive from your kit, wait the specified time, then firmly press the patch on. For replacement: simply put a new tube in, making sure the valve goes through the rim hole.

Reinstall the tyre. Inflate the tube slightly so it holds its shape. Starting at the valve, tuck the tube back under the tyre bead. Run your hands around the wheel, working the tyre back onto the rim. You may need the tyre levers again for the final stubborn section.

Inflate fully. Use your pump to inflate to the correct pressure. Check that the tyre is seated evenly on both sides of the rim all the way around.

Prevention tips. Puncture-resistant tyres and tubes cost a bit more but are worthwhile if you commute regularly. Keep tyres at proper pressure; under-inflated tyres are more likely to puncture. Avoid riding through broken glass or over sharp debris when possible.

Practice this at home before you need to do it on the road. It's much easier in your garage than in the rain on a busy street.